Informatics Publishing Limited

R. V. Brat , P. R. Gupta , R. L. Kapur

Abstract

Laboratory experiments on the production of pulps from Blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) by the sulphate and soda processes are described. One pilot plant experiment was carried out by the sulphate process and well-cooked pulp in 57.9% yield of light brown colour was obtained. Wrapping paper made from 100% Blue gum was characterized by good formation and satisfactory strength properties. Since Blue gum is short fibred, its pulp will require to be admixed with a suitable portion of a long-fib red pulp, such as bamboo pulp, for the manufacture of wrapping papers on commercial paper machines. A sample of the wrapping paper made on the pilot plant is included in this bulletin.

Full Text

     

P. L. Sharma ¹, U. Chauhan ¹, P. R. Gupta ¹, K. C. Sharma ¹, S. P. Verma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology and Apiculture, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) 173230, IN

Abstract

The species diversity of parasitoids of the serpentine leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) in tomato ecosystem was conducted under mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh during 2008–2010. The tomato leaves were collected periodically from June to September from three strata i.e. bottom, middle and top portion of the plants at random. During the course of study four species of larval parasitoids viz., Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), Diglyphus sp., Asecodes sp. and Chrysocharis sp. belonging to the family Eulophidae and one species of larval-pupal parasitoid, Opius sp. belonging to the family Braconidae were identified. These parasitoids were active throughout the cropping season and the parasitization ranged from 6.0 - 21.1, 19.4 - 28.6 and 13.6 - 23.1 per cent during 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. It was maximum (20.1 - 28.6%) during the month of August. Marginally higher parasitization (14.3 - 26.7%) was observed in the middle stratum of the foliage than in top (11.1 - 24.0%) or bottom (6.7 - 20.0%) stratum during all the three years of study. Among the larval parasitoids, N. formosa was the predominant species (81.5%), whereas, other parasitoids such as Diglyphus sp., Chrysocharis sp. and Asecodes sp. comprised of 7.4, 7.4 and 3.7 per cent of the total population of the larval parasitoids.

Keywords

Liriomyza trifolii, Parasitoids, Serpentine Leaf Miner, Tomato.

Full Text

   

Usha Chauhan ¹, P. L. Sharma ¹, P. R. Gupta ¹, K. C. Sharma ¹, S. P. Verma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology and Apiculture, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 230, IN

Abstract

Apple stem borer, Aeolesthes sp. is a serious pest in apple orchards in Himachal Pradesh. For its suppression, microbial biopesticides viz., Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria brongniarti, Metarhizium anisopliae (5 x 107 conidia/gallery), Steinernema feltiae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (5000 infective juveniles (IJ)/ live gallery) and econeem plus (having 1% azadirachtin @ 0.5%) were evaluated. The experiment was conducted for two years during 2007-08 and 2008-09 at Temperate Horticulture Research station, Kotkhai, District Shimla. These biopesticides were compared with the recommended insecticides,dichlorvos (0.1%) and chlorpyriphos (0.04%) and control (emulsified water, 0.02%). Before applying the treatments, all the holes except one present in each branch were plugged with mud paste.The leftover hole was then cleared with the help of flexible aluminium wire and the treatment was given with the help of syringe. Thereafter, the leftover hole was also plugged with mud paste.To calculate percent mortality, the larvae which opened any of the holes in the branch or made new hole to push out the excreta were considered as live and those which remained closed throughout as dead. In this experiment, B. bassiana, B. brongniartii, M. anisopliae, H. bacteriophora, S. feltiae, econeem, chlorpyriphos, dichlorvos and control resulted in 33.3, 66.7, 37.5, 80, 20, 100, 100, 100 and 40 percent mortality during 2007-08 and 33.3, 33.3, 66.7, 33.3, 33.3, 66.7, 100, 100 and 0.00 per cent mortality during 2008-09 respectively. Among different biopesticides, M. anisopliae, B. brongniartii and cconeem plus were the best treatments resulting in 66.7 and 100 per cent mortality of stem borer larvae.

Keywords

Aeolesthes Sp., Apple, Biopesticides, Stem Borer.

Full Text

   

K. S. Kapoor ¹, P. R. Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Integrated Pest Management Centre Chambaghat, Solan, 173 213, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Age specific fecundity and intrinsic rate of increase of Aphytis sp.? hispanicus, an important ecto-parasitoid of the San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) was studied in the mid - hill region of Himachal Pradesh which revealed that the net reproductive rate (R₀) of the species was 17.47 female eggs/female. The true intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.116. The population multiplied 1.123 times per day during the generation time of 24.66 days. The doubling time of the species was 5.98 days.

Keywords

Age Specific Fecundity, Aphytis sp., Ecto-Parasitoid, Intrinsic Rate of Increase, San Jose Scale.

Full Text

   

P. C. Bhardwaj ¹, P. R. Gupta ²

Affiliations
1 CIPMC, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, Sharma Niwas, Tank Road, Solan 173212, IN
2 Department of Entomology and Apiculture, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Nauni 173 230, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Laboratory evaluation of Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja reared on Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) as an egg parasitoid of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) was carried out at 26±1°C and 50-80 percent relative humidity. From each parasitized egg of C. cephalonica, up to 2 parasitoids emerged and there were almost equal chances of getting 1 or 2 parasitoids. Each female parasitized a mean of 4.6 and 6.4 eggs of P. xylostella and C. cephalonica during its mean survival of 1.7 and 2.3 days, respectively, and mean fecundity was 6.3 and 9.1 with a female biased sex ratio (64.6 and 68.6 percent females). The parasitoid failed to emerge from 45.9 and 38.9 percent parasitized eggs of P. xylostella and C. cephalonica. During post-embryonic development, 38.1 and 31.9 percent mortality was observed and maximum mortality was in the pupal stage.

Keywords

Corcyra cephalonica, Egg parasitoid, Plutella xylostella, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae.

Full Text

   

P. R. Gupta ¹, P. C. Bhardwaj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology and Apiculture, Dr Y. S. Parmar University Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni 173230, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Studies on Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja were carried out with the objective of determination of storage conditions conducive for holding the parasitiod. From parasitized eggs of Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton), stored after 3-7 days of parasitization for 5 days at 10°C, above 50 per cent adult emergence Occurred and eggs could not be stored for more than 7 days. However, at 15°C, storage could be extended up to 18 days but with low emergence (17.2%), In another experiment, exposure of eggs to 10 and 15°C for 5, 10 and 15 days after 3, 5 and 7 days of parasitization, provided satisfactory adult emergence from eggs stored at 15°C for 5 days after 5 and 7 days of parasitization (72.3 and 72.1%) and for 10 days after 5 days of parasitization (69.8%). Occasionally from the eggs stored for more than 5 days at 15°C after 7 days of parasitization adult emergence occurred in storage. In eggs without adult emergence hole, mortality often occurred in the pupal stage (55.9 and 61.6% after 3 and 5 days of parasitization, respectively), followed by larval (21.3 and 6.6%, respectively) and adult stage (22.8 and 31.7 %, respectively). Thus storage at 15°C for 10 days after 5 days of parasitization will be the right choice.

Keywords

Corcyra cephalonica, Storage Temperature, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae.

Full Text